Sri Lanka’s 2024 census data shows the country’s sex ratio has dropped to 93.3 males for every 100 females, raising fresh concerns about demographic imbalances and long-term social stability.
According to the Department of Population and Statistics, Sri Lanka’s sex ratio has reached 93.3 in the latest 2024 census, meaning that for every 100 females, there are only 93 males. This figure, often referred to as the “sexuality ratio,” is a vital demographic indicator that influences economic, social, and cultural structures. The ratio serves as an early warning system for future trends in family balance, marriage patterns, labor distribution, and population stability.
A ratio above 100 indicates more males than females, while a figure below 100 reflects the opposite. In Sri Lanka’s case, the decline from 93.8 in 2012 to 93.3 in 2024 highlights a steady reduction in the proportion of males. Though the change is just 0.5 points, demographers warn that even small shifts carry significant long-term consequences.
When examining the data by age groups, the census paints a more detailed picture. Among children and young people aged 0 to 19 years, the sex ratio is above 100, showing more boys than girls. However, as the population ages, the ratio steadily decreases. For those above 40 years, the imbalance becomes more pronounced, with women increasingly outnumbering men. The sharpest decline is visible in the population aged 70 years and older, where the sex ratio drops to just 69.8. This reflects higher male mortality rates and the natural demographic advantage of female longevity.
The census also recorded literacy levels across districts, revealing positive developments in education. Monaragala reported the highest literacy rate at 97.9 percent, followed closely by Mannar at 97.3 percent. At the other end of the scale, Batticaloa East recorded the lowest literacy rate at 88 percent, underlining persistent regional disparities despite overall progress.
Experts stress that demographic ratios like these are more than statistical curiosities. They influence national planning in healthcare, education, labor policy, and family welfare. With women continuing to outnumber men, Sri Lanka faces challenges and opportunities in shaping future policy to reflect its changing population structure.
