By Marlon Dale Ferreira
Polonnaruwa is an ancient city located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is renowned for its well-preserved ruins from the 11th and 12th centuries, which offer a glimpse into the country’s rich historical and cultural heritage. Here are some key highlights and features of Polonnaruwa:
- Historical Significance: Polonnaruwa was the second capital of Sri Lanka after the destruction of Anuradhapura in 993 AD. It rose to prominence under King Parakramabahu I and became a thriving center for trade and agriculture.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: The ancient city of Polonnaruwa was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982, recognizing its historical and cultural significance.
- Architectural Marvels:
- Gal Vihara: This rock temple is famous for its large rock-cut Buddha statues, including a reclining Buddha, a standing Buddha, and a seated Buddha.
- Royal Palace and Council Chamber: The ruins of the Royal Palace and the adjacent audience hall showcase the grandeur of ancient Sri Lankan architecture.
- Vatadage: A circular relic house that is considered a masterpiece of Sinhalese architecture, built to protect a small stupa.
- Parakrama Samudra: An expansive irrigation reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I, which demonstrates the advanced hydraulic engineering skills of the ancient Sinhalese. The reservoir is still in use today and serves as a vital water source for agriculture.
- Lankathilaka Image House: This towering structure was once an image house that housed a colossal statue of Buddha. Its intricate carvings and impressive architecture are highlights for visitors.
- Sacred Quadrangle: This area is home to some of Polonnaruwa’s most important religious monuments, including the Thuparama Gedige, the Nissanka Latha Mandapaya, and the Atadage.
Polonnaruwa is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and those interested in ancient architecture and cultural heritage. Its well-preserved ruins and serene surroundings provide a captivating journey into Sri Lanka’s illustrious past.
